![]() The recruiting officer Palamedes smells a rat when Odysseus begins sowing a field with salt, so he places the infant Telemachus in the path of the plough, forcing Odysseus to swerve and reveal that he is sane. In a rare instance of the wily Odysseus being outwitted, the ruse fails. He is not predisposed to war: he initially resists the call to arms against the Trojans, feigning madness to avoid enlistment. He experiences life as a king and a vagabond. Odysseus is son to Laertes, husband to Penelope, father to Telemachus, and lover to Calypso. ![]() James Joyce claimed that he used the Odyssey as the mythical framework for his modern epic Ulysses because the poem’s wandering hero was the most complete man in all literature. ![]()
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